Social Networking Sites Impact On Education Media Essay - Free Essay Example

Social networking sites offer people new and varied ways to communicate via the internet, whether through their PC or their mobile phone. Examples include MySpace, Facebook and Bebo. They allow people to easily and simply create their own online page or profile and to construct and display an online network of contacts, often called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"friendsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Users of these sites can communicate via their profile both with their à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"friendsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and with people outside their list of contacts. The rapid growth of social networking sites in recent years indicates that they are now a mainstream communications technology for many people. Social networking sites are most popular with teenagers and young adults Research shows that just over one fifth (22%) of adult internet users aged 16+ and almost half (49%) of children aged 8-17 who use the internet have set up their own profile on a social networking site.4 For adults, the likelihood of setting up a profile is highest among 16-24 year olds (54%) and decreases with age. Some under-13s are by-passing the age restrictions on social networking sites Despite the fact that the minimum age for most major social networking sites is usually 13 (14 on MySpace), 27% of 8-11 year olds who are aware of social networking sites say that they have a profile on a site. While some of these younger users are on sites intended for younger children, the presence of underage users on social networking sites intended for those aged 13 or over was also confirmed by qualitative research . The average adult social networker has profiles on 1.6 sites, and most users check their profile at least every other day. Adult social networkers use a variety of sites, with the main ones being Bebo, Facebook and MySpace. It is common for adults to have a profile on more than one site on average each adult with a social networking page or profile has profiles on 1.6 sites, and 39% of adults have profiles on two or more sites. Half of all current adult social networkers say that they access their profiles at least every other day. The site people choose to use varies depending on the user. Children are more likely to use Bebo (63% of those who have a social networking site profile), and the most popular site for adults is Facebook (62% of those who have a social networking profile). Two-thirds of parents claim to set rules on their childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use of social networking sites, although only 53% of children said that their parents set such rules For many children, the rules and restrictions that their parents set on social networking site usage are an important influencing factor in the childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use of social networking sites. Two thirds of parents whose children have a social networking page say they set rules on their childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use of these sites. Most commonly these concerned meeting new people online and giving out personal details. However, significantly fewer children (53% of those with social networking profiles) say that their parents set rules on their use of these sites. Attitudes and behaviours towards social networking sites Social networkers fall into distinct groups Social networkers differ in their attitudes to social networking sites and in their behaviour while using them. Qualitative research indicates that site users tend to fall into five distinct groups based on their behaviours and attitudes. These are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Alpha Socialisers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (a minority) people who used sites in intense short bursts to flirt, meet new people, and be entertained. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Attention Seekers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (some) people who craved attention and comments from others, often by posting photos and customising their profiles. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Followers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (many) people who joined sites to keep up with what their peers were doing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Faithfuls à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (many) people who typically used social networking sites to rekindle old friendships, often from school or university. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Functionals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (a minority) people who tended to be single-minded in using sites for a particular purpose. Non-users of social networking sites also fall into distinct groups Non-users also appear to fall into distinct groups; these groups are based on their reasons for not using social networking sites: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Concerned about safety à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" people concerned about safety online, in particular making personal details available online. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Technically inexperienced à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" people who lack confidence in using the internet and computers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intellectual rejecters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" people who have no interest in social networking sites and see them as a waste of time. Introduction INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Social Networking sites- Overview A  social network service  focuses on building and reflecting of  social networks  or  social relations  among people, e.g., who share interests and/or activities. A social network service essentially consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his/her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are  web based  and provide means for users to interact over the  internet, such as  e-mail  and  instant messaging. Although  online community  services are sometimes considered as a social network service in a broader sense, social network service usually means an individual-catered service whereas  online community  services are group-centred. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. The main types of social networking services are those which contain category places (such as former school-year or classmates), means to connect with friends (usually with self-description pages) and a recommendation system linked to trust. Popular methods now combine many of these, with  Facebook,  Bebo  and  Twitter  widely used worldwide;  MySpace  and  LinkedIn  being the most widely used in North America;[1]HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NexopiaNexopia  (mostly in Canada);[2]  Bebo,[3]  Hi5,  Hyves  (mostly in The Netherlands),  StudiVZ  (mostly in Germany),  iWiW  (mostly in Hungary),Tuenti  (mostly in Spain),  Decayenne,  Tagged,  XING;[4],  BadooHYPERLINK #cite_note-4[5]  and  Skyrock  in parts of Europe;[6]  Orkut  and  Hi5  in  South America  a ndCentral America;[7]  and  Friendster,  Mixi,  Multiply,  Orkut,  Wretch,  renren  and  Cyworld  in Asia and the Pacific Islands and  Orkut  and  Facebookin India. There have been some attempts to standardize these services to avoid the need to duplicate entries of friends and interests (see the  FOAFstandard and the  Open Source Initiative ), but this has led to some concerns about privacy. Although some of the largest social networks were founded on the notion of digitizing real world connections, many other networks as seen in the  List of social networking websites  focus on categories from books and music to non-profit business to motherhood as ways to provide both services and community to individuals with shared interests. Typical structure In general, social networking services allow users to create a profile for themselves, and can be broken down into two broad categories: internal social networking (ISN) and external social networking (ESN) sites such as  MySpace,  Facebook,  Twitter  and  Bebo. Both types can increase the feeling of community among people. An ISN is a closed/private community that consists of a group of people within a company, association, society, education provider and organization or even an invite only group created by a user in an ESN. An ESN is open/public and available to all web users to communicate and are designed to attract advertisers. ESNs can be smaller specialized communities (i.e. linked by a single common interest e.g. TheSocialGolfer, ACountryLife.Com, Great Cooks Community) or they can be large generic social networking sites (e.g. MySpace, Facebook etc). However, whether specialized or generic there is commonality across the general approach of social networking sites. Users can upload a picture of themselves, create their profile and can often be friends with other users. In most social networking services, both users must confirm that they are friends before they are linked. For example, if  Alice  lists Bob as a friend, then Bob would have to approve Alices friend request before they are listed as friends. Some social networking sites have a favorites feature that does not need approval from the other user. Social networks usually have privacy controls that allows the user to choose who can view their profile or contact them, etc. Social networking sites typically have a section dedicated to comments by friends. On Friendster, this section is called Testimonials. On Facebook, this section is called The Wall. In the beginning, this was a feature that encouraged people to write messages about the person in the profile. But over time, people started writing creative testimonials back, creating a form of conversation.[32] Some social networking sites are created for the benefits of others, such as parents social networking site Gurgle. This website is for parents to talk about pregnancy, birth and bringing up children. .com. This social network allows professionals to exchange information, opportunities, and ideas. Professionals are able to stay informed with new knowledge about their field Some social networks have additional features, such as the ability to create  groups  that share common interests or affiliations, upload or stream live videos, and hold discussions in forums.  Geo social networking co-opts internet mapping services to organize user participation around geographic features and their attributes. There is also a trend for more  interoperability between social networks  led by technologies such as  OpenID  and  Open Social. Lately, mobile social networking has become popular. In most mobile communities, mobile phone users can now create their own profiles, make friends, participate in chat rooms, create chat rooms, hold private conversations, share photos and videos, and share blogs by using their mobile phone. Mobile phone users are basically open to every option that someone sitting on the computer has. Some companies provide wireless services which allow their customers to build their own mobile community and brand it, but one of the most popular wireless services for social networking in North America is Facebook Mobile. Other companies provide new innovative features which extend the social networking experience into the real world. Another social networking feature in a professional aspect is LinkedIn. Emerging trends in social networks As the increase in popularity of social networking is on a constant rise, new uses for the technology are constantly being observed. At the forefront of emerging trends in social networking sites is the concept of real time and location based. Real time allows users to contribute content, which is then broadcasted as it is being uploaded the concept is similar to live television broadcasts.   Twitter  set the trend for real time services, where users can broadcast to the world what they are doing, or what is on their minds within a 140 character limit.  Facebook  followed suit with their Live Feed where users activities are streamed as soon as it happens. While Twitter focuses on words,  Clixtr, another real time service, focuses on group photo sharing where users can update their photo streams with photos while at an event. Friends and nearby users can contribute their own photos and comments to that event stream, thus contributing to the real time aspect of broadcasting photos and comments as it is being uploaded. In the location based social networking space,  Foursqua re  gained popularity as it allowed for users to check-in to places that they are frequenting at that moment.  Gowalla  is another such service which functions in much the same way that Foursquare does, leveraging the  GPS  in phones to create a location based user experience. Clixtr, though in the real time space, is also a location based social networking site since events created by users are automatically geotagged, and users can view events occurring nearby through the Clixtr  iPhone  app. Recently,Yelp  announced its entrance into the location based social networking space through check-ins with their mobile app; whether or not this becomes detrimental to Foursquare or Gowalla is yet to be seen as it is still considered a new space in the internet technology industry.[35] One popular use for this new technology is social networking between businesses. Companies have found that social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter are great ways to build their brand image. According to Jody Nimetz, author of Marketing Jive[36], there are five major uses for businesses and social media: to create brand awareness, as an online reputation management tool, for recruiting, to learn about new technologies and competitors, and as a lead gen tool to intercept potential prospects.[36]. These companies are able to drive traffic to their own online sites while encouraging their consumers and clients to have discussions on how to improve or change products or services. One other use that is being discussed is the use of Social Networks in the Science communities. Julia Porter Liebeskind et al. have published a study on how New Biotechnology Firms are using social networking sites to share exchanges in scientific knowledge.  They state in their study that by sharing information and knowledge with one another, they are able to increase both their learning and their flexibility in ways that would not be possible within a self-contained hierarchical organization. Social networking is allowing scientific groups to expand their knowledge base and share ideas, and without these new means of communicating their theories might become isolated and irrelevant. Social networks are also being used by teachers and students as a communication tool. Because many students are already using a wide-range of social networking sites, teachers have begun to familiarize themselves with this trend and are now using it to their advantage. Teachers and professors are doing everything from creating chat-room forums and groups to extend classroom discussion to posting assignments, tests and quizzes, to assisting with homework outside of the classroom setting. Social networks are also being used to foster teacher-parent communication. These sites make it possible and more convenient for parents to ask questions and voice concerns without having to meet face-to-face. Social networks are being used by activists as a means of low-cost grassroots organizing. Extensive use of an array of social networking sites enabled organizers of the 2009  National Equality March  to mobilize an estimated 200,000 participants to march on Washington with a cost savings of up to 85% per participant over previous methods.[38] The  use of online social networks by libraries  is also an increasingly prevelant and growing tool that is being used to communicate with more potential library users, as well as extending the services provided by individual libraries Issues Privacy On large social networking services, there have been growing concerns about users giving out too much personal information and the threat of  sexual predators. Users of these services also need to be aware of  data theft  or  viruses. However, large services, such as  MySpace  and  Netlog, often work with law enforcement to try to prevent such incidents.[citation needed] In addition, there is a perceived privacy threat in relation to placing too much personal information in the hands of large corporations or governmental bodies, allowing a profile to be produced on an individuals behaviour on which decisions, detrimental to an individual, may be taken. Furthermore, there is an issue over the control of dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ information that was altered or removed by the user may in fact be retained and/or passed to 3rd parties. This danger was highlighted when the controversial social networking site  Quechup  harvested e-mail addresses from users e-mail accounts for use in a  spamming  operation.[43] In medical and scientific research, asking subjects for information about their behaviors is normally strictly scrutinized by  institutional review boards, for example, to ensure that adolescents and their parents have  informed consent. It is not clear whether the same rules apply to researchers who collect data from social networking sites. These sites often contain a great deal of data that is hard to obtain via traditional means. Even though the data are public, republishing it in a research paper might be considered  invasion of privacy.[44] Privacy on Facebook is undermined by three principal factors: users disclose too much, Facebook does not take adequate steps to protect user privacy, and third parties are actively seeking out end-user information using Facebook. Every day teens go on social networking sites and reveal their most inner thoughts for the whole world to see. Information such as street address, phone number, Instant Messaging name are disclosed to an unknown population in cyberspace. Whats more, the creation of a Facebook, MySpace, Twitter etc. account is a fairly easy process to do and no identification is required, which can lead to identity theft or impersonation. For the Net generation, social networking sites have become the preferred forum for social interactions, from posturing and role playing to simply sounding off. However, because such forums are relatively easy to access, posted content can be reviewed by anyone with an interest in the users personal information. There has been a trend for social networking sites to send out only positive notifications to users. For example sites such as Bebo, Facebook, and Myspace will not send notifications to users when they are removed from a persons friends list. Similarly Bebo will send out a notification if a user is moved to the top of another users friends list but no notification is sent if they are moved down the list. This allows users to purge undesirables from their list extremely easily and often without confrontation since a user will rarely notice if one person disappears from their friends list. It also enforces the general positive atmosphere of the website without drawing attention to unpleasant happenings such as friends falling out, rejection and failed relationships. Many social networking services, such as Facebook, provide the user with a choice of who can view their profile. This prevents unauthorized user(s) from accessing their information.[49]Parents have become a big problem to teens who want to avoid their parents to access their MySpace or Facebook accounts. By choosing to make their profile private, teens are able to select who can see their page and this prevents unwanted parents from lurking. This will also mean that only people who are added as friends will be able to view the profile. Teens are constantly trying to create a structural barrier between their private life and their parent A common misuse of social networking sites such as Facebook is that it is occasionally used to emotionally abuse individuals. Such actions are often referred to as trolling. It is not rare for confrontations in the real world to be translated online. Online bullying (aka Cyber-bullying) is a relatively common occurrence and it can often result in emotional trauma for the victim. Depending on the networking outlet, up to 39% of users admit to being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“cyber-bulliedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?.[54]  danah boyd, a researcher of social networks quotes a teenager in her article, Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites. The teenager expresses frustration towards networking sites like MySpace because it causes drama and too much emotional stress.[55]  There are not many limitations as to what individuals can post when online. Inherently individuals are given the power to post offensive remarks or pictures that could potentially cause a great amount of emotional pain for another in dividual. Interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication has been a growing issue as more and more people have turned to social networking as a means of communication.Benniger (1987) describes how mass media has gradually replaced interpersonal communication as a socializing force. Further, social networking sites have become popular sites for youth culture to explore themselves, relationships, and share cultural artefacts. Many teens and social networking users may be harming their interpersonal communication by using sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Stated by Baroness Greenfield, an Oxford University Neuroscientist, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, who have a small attention span and who live for the moment It is not unusual if you often hear your siblings or your friends talk about the people they have met and made friends with through the Internet as social networking is one of the phenomena that have taken the world of Internet by storm. Almost every Web surfer has an account in at least one of the  social networking sites, for these sites are the more enjoyable places to hang around in. Pros: Social networking sites  have paved the way for easier communication to your friends, family, or colleagues. One example is that instead of meeting in a certain place, you and your classmates could discuss a school activity by having a conference in a certain site that you are all members of, thus saving you time and effort. Virtual communities are also formed, which are composed of people connected together by common interests, purpose, and goal. People of different races also get to mingle with each other in just a few clicks. The idea of socializing with millions of people of different backgrounds excites the Web surfers. This is one thing that you can hardly do outside the virtual world. Communication with distant family and friends. Meet new people, be creative, and be yourself It entertains you when youre bored Social networking  websites  are a great way of keeping in touch with family and  friends. You can post blogs, share photos, use instant messaging (Myspace has its own instant messaging service), make comments and add people to your friends list. Social  networkingHYPERLINK https://www.blurtit.com/q430795.html  HYPERLINK https://www.blurtit.com/q430795.htmlsites  allow you to create a profile, where you can share your interests with other users and also, you can make new friends. These type of sites, Myspace in particular, are also used people such as bands or authors to build up friends in order to generate interest in their music and books Cons: Social networking sites require or give you the option to provide personal information such as your name, location, and email address. Unfortunately some people can take this as an opportunity for identity theft. They can copy your information and pretend to be you when engaging in illegal activities. Bad news! So be cautious with what you enter into an online networking site. You could fall into the trap of someone who pretends to be somebody else. For example, they might offer you a job or want to meet up with you just to get your money. This can lead to cyberstalking, where the stalker uses electronic media such as the Internet to pursue or harass you. there is also the chance of peoples profiles being hacked or identities being stolen   Another downside is that sites such as Myspace, which allow users to add their own background, are often very slow due to backgrounds taking up a lot of memory. This has led to users  computers  crashing every time they got onto a profile which uses up a lot of memory. Also, because these types of sites have millions of users, errors can often occur. It hampers the students the most. Students waste a lot of time on the social networking sites. This disturbs their education. It distracts you from your work that is needed to be done. Social Networking-Stats and figures The way we communicate online has gone through a sea-change over last few years. In fact, majority of net users spend most of their time on social Media / Networking sites. Even though  India Software companies are lagging behind  in adoption of social media, others are flocking them in large numbers. Twitter has been a rage over past 1 year, Facebook has become one of the most visited sites on the web, Professionals are flocking Linkedin and keep their profiles updated. Facebook  claims  that 50% of active users log into the site each day. This would mean  at least 175m users every 24 hours. Twitter  now has  75m user accounts, but only around 15m are active users on a regular basis. LinkedIn  has over  50m members worldwide.. Facebook currently has in excess of  350 million active users on global basis.Six months ago, this was 250mÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦This means over 40% growth in less than 6 months. Flickr now hosts more than  4 billion images. More than 35m Facebook users update their status each day.   Wikipedia  currently  has in excess of  14m articles, meaning that itÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s 85,000 contributors have written nearly a million new posts in six months. Photo uploads to Facebook have  increased by more than 100%.  Currently, there are around  2.5bn  uploads to the site each month. Back in 2009, the average user had 120 friends within Facebook. This is now around 130. Mobile is even bigger than before for Facebook, with  more than  65m users accessing the site through mobile-based devices.  In six months, this is over 100% increase. There are more than  3.5bn pieces of content  (web links, news stories, blog posts, etc.) shared each week on Facebook. There are now  11m LinkedIn users across Europe. Towards the  end of last year, the average number of tweets per day was over27.3 million. The average number of tweets per hour was around  1.3m. 15% of bloggers spend  10 or more  hours each week blogging, according to Technoratià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s new  State of the Blogosphere. At the current rate, Twitter will process almost  10 billion  tweets in a single year. About 70% of Facebook users are outside the USA. India is currently the fastest-growing country to use LinkedIn, with around 3m total users. More than 250 Facebook applications have over a  million  combined users each month. 70%  of bloggers are organically talking about brands on their blog. 38% of bloggers post brand or product reviews. More than  80,000  websites have implemented Facebook Connect since December 2008 and more than  60m  Facebook users engage with it across these external sites Top Social Networking sites in India 2010 Orkut.com Facebook.com Twitter Bharatstudent.com hi5.com ibibo.Com MySpace Sites LinkedIn.com PerfSpot.com BIGADDA.com Fropper.com friendster Literature Review Literature review Social Networking in Education BY Geetha Krishnana Overall, an astonishing 96 percent of students with online access report that they ever used any social networking technologies, such as chatting, text messaging, blogging and visiting online communitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Staggering as the 96 percent statistic is, it is intriguing to wonder what the other 4 percent is doing. Just e-mail and web surfing?Further, students report that one of the most common topics of conversation on the social networking scene is education. Almost 60 percent of students who use social networking talk about education topics online and, surprisingly, more than 50 percent talk specifically about schoolwork.Tempting as this statistic might sound to champions of the social-networking-for-education cause, it may be worth considering that most of the discussions that people have on education could be to do with help on homework and troublesome topics, classical problems that would otherwise get discussed in the college canteen perhaps.  It may not mean a ne w avenue for learning something new à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" it is just a new medium to get problems shared and solved. That is not to say it is not a good thing, but it may not be much more than that.Nonconformistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ students who step outside of online safety and behavior rulesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ are on the cutting edge of social networking, with online behaviors and skills that indicate leadership among their peers. The report offers some recommendations for school board members as well. Explore social networking sites.  This is an important recommendation because most often we tend to condemn something without really understanding it. Consider social networking for staff communication and professional development.  This could well help achieve the previous point as well. It will also serve to integrate students and staff in the networking space. Find ways of harnessing the educational value of social networking.  This is a seemingly motherhood statement, but it could be worthwhile for teachers to consciously think of projects and assignments to be executed through networking approaches. Ensure equitable access.  An obvious point, strengthen the access mechanisms for students to technology. Pay attention to nonconformists.  This has already been touched on earlier in this post. Re examine social networking policies.  Another obvious point, come at social networking as an integral component of the education process, not as a diversion. Facebook Impact on Student Grades Raises New Questions for Business BY Lawrence Walsh An Ohio State University study links Facebook use to lower grades. The study comes as businesses worry about the impact of social networking tools on worker productivity, integrity of their intellectual property and data security. Security vendors such as Websense, Fortinet and Trend Micro release new tools to combat embedded threats in social networks.As enterprises grapple with whether social networking creates security risks and productivity losses, a new study from the Ohio State University suggests there is a link between the use of Facebook and lower grades among college students.According to the survey of 219 students, those who said they use Facebook have grade point averages between 3.0 and 3.5 and study 1 to 5 hours per week. Conversely, non-Facebook users have GPAs between 3.5 and 4.0, and study 11 hours or more per week.The study found that 79 percent of Facebook users believe that it has no impact on their academic performance. Research methodology Research methodology Problem Definition In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s era, education is seriously getting hampered through these social networking sites. In the name of connectivity, students and teens are actually wasting a huge amount of time in facebooking and orkuting. The sufferer is none other than them, and the worst part is that they do not even realise it. 80% of the teens and students in India have atleast one active account in either facebook or orkut. So the need of the hour is to find out whether these social networking sites are useful or is it a mere waste of time. Hence, the research objective is to find the factors that motivates the students to open an account in the social networking sites and thus wasting time. Research Objectives 1)  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  To find out whether Social networking sites are a threat or a helping hand for education 2)  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  To find out the reasons that compel the students to join the networking chain   3) To find out ways by  which the social media can be used constructively in the field of education Research Methodology The research design that will be used would be exploratory research and then a descriptive research. During the first week of interacting with the students who engage themselves with social networking sites sufficient information will be gathered so as to discuss which factors motivates them to create their account in social networking sites. The discussion shall be general and therefore would help in gaining insight into what would be the most important factors to focus on. Through the following weeks data would be collected through framed questionnaire so as to allow quantification of the result. Research Design:- exploratory research and descriptive research Research approach:- secondary research (books, research papers) and primary research (questionnaire) Sources Of Data:- secondary(web, library, company projects) primary (questionnaire) Sampling:- Stratified (urban, educated) Sample Size:- 100 approx Data Analysis:- qualitative analysis of exploratory research data and Quantitative research on data obtained through the questionnaire. Analysis Analysis AGE: The survey was stratified. Aimed at the urban youth, it is comprised of young/ medium adults whose opinions comprise the result of this questionnaire. 97% of the representatives are from the age group of 20-30 1% belongs to below the age of 20 1% belongs to above the age of30 Number of years they have been using Internet: Number of hours that you spend on social networking sites ( Facebook , orkut) on a daily basis: X axis: Number of hours Y axis: Number of people Motivation to use Internet: Favourite Social Networking site: Reason for visiting Social networking sites: What do the students look for over the Internet: Data regarding whether or not they use Facebook/Orkut to share educational information and articles: Data regarding whether or not chatting and getting connected is the most vital thing in Facebook as perceived by the students: Data regarding whether or not Socail networking sites plays a major role in education: Data supporting whether or not social networking sites is in general used for educational purpose: Data supporting whether or not the students would continue using Social Networking Sites if the entertainment part of it (Games, sharing pics and videos) is disabled: Findings and interpretation, Recommendations Findings: Factors influencing opening an account on facebook/Orkut/Hi5/Twitter: personal sharing (pictures, videos and events) 88% agree 12% disagree sharing your opinion on different matters and subjects 85% agree 15 % disagree Education related activities 25% agree 75% disagree online gaming 70% agree 30% disagree connectivity with celebrities 67% agree 33% disagree connectivity with your friends 90% agree 10% disagree show -off 47% agree 53% disagree Sharing opinions 85% agree 15% disagree Factors affecting the motivation to click social networking sites *There are many factors which drives you to click the link over the Internet. Tell us how important these factors are for you. (1 being the least important factor and 5 being the most important factor) 1 Least Important 5 Most Important The content is attractive (colour, design, models, font etc) 40% important 60% not important The urge of getting entertained motivates me the most 80% important 20% not important The urge to educate myself on different important issues 45% important 55% not important The urge to get connected with long and short distance friends 90% important 10% not important The urge to stay connected with celebrities 67% important 33% not important The urge to follow with the corporate professionals 57% important 43% not important The urge to view meaningful and education related videos 50% important 50% not important Findings Students mostly join in social networking medias to get connected with their peers and exchange pictures and videos. This serves as a great tool to stay in touch and is cost effective as well. This also acts as a platform that helps in exchanging ideas and information, new movie releases, verdicts. People enjoy reading these and they equally enjoy commenting on it. They find it very cool and hip to interact with long distance friends. Students of all ages have started opening an account on Facebook and Orkut because they feel that it is something which can help them create their own identity and flaunt it. They love to put their pictures so that their peers can comment on it. Essentially it is a matter of show off for them which gives them a chance to flaunt their talent and looks. The main and the most important reason for people to join such sites is entertainment. Social networking sites have of late become a very important and cheap source of entertainment. The very idea of staying connected to celebrities through Twitter motivates many young students to have an account on such sites. Some students access Facebook not only from their lap top, but also through their mobile phones. This shows the kind of addiction they have with Facebook. Even if they are browsing some other sites for educational information still they make sure that their Facebook home page is opened and very much active. They do not want to miss the happenings going on in their friends life. The most popular site among all the social networking channels is undoubtedly Facebook, it has become an addiction and the students just love to update their profile, status, videos on this site. Orkut is only second to facebook, although the majority of people have their accounts open in both facebook and orkut, still the number of active users for facebook is comparatively higher. Along with updates and status messages facebook also provides sheer entertainment through online games. Farmville and Mafia wars are the two most popular games being played. There are many times when people log into facebook just to play Farmville and win the race. If the entertainment part of these sites are disables then around 80% of the active users will quit facebook and jump to some other site that would provide them with full entertainment. Not many people think that facebook can be utilised in education. Even if it is utilised by a few for the purpose of education, still not many will like it. The core function of Facebook/orkut is full on entertainment and it should remain that way. They are of the opinion that such sites provides a platform where in they can freely update about their thinking and have a proper say of their own. They do not want any sort of interference. RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS: The power of social media has just scratched the surface. Most believe its use in higher education is controversial, but what if we started thinking outside the box? Individuals use sites such as Digg.com to rate other Web sites, and product reviews on Amazon.com. What if we opened up courses for student reviews on our site? New students would be able to view reviews on classes when trying to make their selections, especially for general education courses. Courses with great reviews will likely receive higher enrolments, without any additional cost to market these classes. Administrators would likely worry about the classes that would receive poor reviews à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but whether you enable this feature or not, these conversations are happening elsewhere, likely on sites you have no control over. Social media offers advancement professionals a great opportunity for keeping in touch with alumni after they graduate. Facebook is one of the more popular tools they are now using to keep in touch with recent alumni. Alumni that are more in touch with their alma mater, and individuals there, are more apt to be future donors to the college. Social media gives us the opportunity to humanize stories of students and alumni of the institutions, which can create loyalty and earn future business (students), and ultimately their respect. Educators have the responsibility to scaffold learning and take students from what they already know to higher levels of critical thinking. In addition, todays students are using social networks already to connect and communicate. Students need guidance, however, to learn how to use these Web 2.0 tools to collaborate, create, share ideas, and learn. Current technologies in the social network arena should prompt educators to ask just which aspects of social interaction can facilitate learning. The idea of online collaboration or an online community is principally topic driven, such as an online forum, discussion group, or bulletin board. Oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s participation is required on the question or discussion at hand, and existed in a relatively tight-knit world. Conclusion Social networking sites are not a replacement for learning management systems. The unique social constructs given by social networks has instructional potential. They should be an adjunct to other tools. While learners will continue to use the environments they find most engaging and useful, institutions need to be careful that they do not lose the opportunity to track what students are doing. So arguably nothing can substitute the traditional form of learning. But with the advent of social networking sites, all attempts must be made to help the students make the best use of their time and energy by learning constructively through these social networking sites. You tube and Twitter if used in the right way can help the students achieve management excellence. At the end of the day it entirely depends on the individual regarding how he/she perceives the usage of social networking channels. One can use it for educational purpose while the other can use it for sheer entertainment. Of course all attempts should be made by these sites to encourage creative thinking and lateral education. Lastly it is we students who can make the very best use of any given resource. To either exploit it positively or negatively is a pure individual decision which has to be respected at the end of the day. Facebook has great potential for education purposes, many Schools and Universities already have a Facebook Page for themselves. MySpace is not only losing ground with the general population in terms of the number of active users, but ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also not popularly used in higher education. YouTube has enormous capabilities and potential. This is an area where one can really see a lot of ROI with no real post-production costs and an infinite audience (vs. creating CDs/DVDs, paying for postage to mail, distributing at fairs, etc.). Higher education hasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t quite found the right niche for Twitter yet. It has great potential in the future, and there are a few ideas floating out there that may take off in the coming months à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" it will be interesting to see how this plays out. References Campbell, D. (2008). Reaching Students Where They Live. BizEd. 7: 60-61. Cavazza, F. (2008). Social Media Landscape. Retrieved July 30, 2008, from http:[emailprotected]/* *//2564571564/ https://www.fredcavazza.net/2008/06/09/social-media-landscape/. Cheater, M. (2008). How Higher Ed is Using Facebook Pages. Retrieved August 6, 2008, from https://www.academicagroup.com/node/4598. Consortium, T. N. M. (2007). Social Networking, The Third Place, and The Evolution of Communication. The New Media Consortium. eMarketer.com. (2008). Student Noses Buried in Facebooks. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from https://www.emarketer.com/Articles/Print.aspx?id=1005972. Facebook. (2007). Facebook Privacy Policy. Retrieved August 6, 2008, from https://www.facebook.com/policy.php. Falls, J. (2008). Social Media in Two Words or Less. Retrieved August 6, 2008, from https://www. Retrieved August 7, 2008, from https://www.lostartofblogging.com/twitter-guide. Qualman, E. (2007). Social Search Engine Face-off: Facebook vs. MySpace. SearchEngineWatch.com Retrieved August 6, 2008, from https://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=3627975. Read, B. and J. R. Young (2006). Facebook and Other Social-Networking Sites Raise Questions for Administrators. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 52: A29. Reuben, R. (2008). Survey about the use of social media in higher education. (see attached).

Paul Bogard Essay Samples - The Best Online Essay Sources

<h1>Paul Bogard Essay Samples - The Best Online Essay Sources</h1><p>One of the best online article tests is made by Paul Bogard, a productive author mentor who has helped numerous understudies with their composing abilities. As an essayist, he generally utilizes this material to enable his understudies to compose all the more viably. This site likewise gives extra composing assets to make the way toward composing even easier.</p><p></p><p>The most significant thing about composing is your comprehension of language structure and English punctuation. Having a magnificent comprehension of language structure rules and how to apply them in a succinct way will guarantee that you don't compose awful English. What's more, on the off chance that you do have a poor handle of punctuation, at that point you need a strong establishment of composing abilities to start with.</p><p></p><p>The best of these papers are written in the s ection position, which permits you to think about your sentences before you even keep in touch with them. Utilizing a wide range of sentence structures and various wordings are an incredible method to improve your composing abilities and give you progressively imaginative thoughts. There are a large number of passages on Paul Bogard's site that you can learn from.</p><p></p><p>Another incredible technique for composing and learning is the section group. With the section group, you can add more style to your expositions, and you can likewise discover a great deal about how others have done it. Furthermore, the passages are a decent method to find out about how others compose, just as how to compose a decent paragraph.</p><p></p><p>The section group is likewise useful when figuring out how to develop viable articles. This configuration will likewise be an incredible guide for understudies hoping to compose extraordinary papers. You'll ha ve the option to learn various styles and configurations for making the ideal paper, and you'll likewise have the option to profit by the information that you gain from paragraphs.</p><p></p><p>Bogard's article tests are in every case free. It is a smart thought to checkout these assets, particularly in the event that you have any issues recorded as a hard copy. The example papers are generally exceptionally straightforward, and they will assist you with any issues that you may have in your essays.</p><p></p><p>Bogard's articles are an incredible wellspring of data. He makes articles on an assortment of points, and they normally center around experimental writing, composing strategies, and different types of composing. You can likewise learn tips on improving your composing abilities, just as what not to do when you are writing.</p><p></p><p>As you glance through the Bogard expositions and the Bogard articles, y ou will show signs of improvement feel for how well he can assist you with your paper composing. Bogard's paper tests are amusing to peruse, and they offer some extraordinary guidance for the individuals who need to improve their composing aptitudes. At the point when you are searching for an incredible spot to get your exposition tests, Bogard's site is an extraordinary spot to start.</p>

How to Compile a Collection of Persuasive Essay Samples With Citations

How to Compile a Collection of Persuasive Essay Samples With CitationsCompiling a collection of persuasive essay samples with citations is not as difficult as it sounds. By doing so, the writer has taken advantage of his own writing skills to put together a piece of paper that has been made even more impressive by the addition of well-crafted footnotes and references.The key to successfully writing essays is to provide a piece of paper that is both impressive and highly effective. As long as the writing style is attractive and easy to read, the reader will be more than happy to take the time to digest and assimilate the information contained within the text.The best place to begin your search for persuasive essay samples with citations is online. Many sites provide this service free of charge, and there are many excellent writing sites that you can visit and read about how good writers make their living. If you want to improve your writing style, the links to these sites should have plenty of information to keep you on the right track.As you read through these writing tips, be sure to listen to the advice of an expert, especially if you are an amateur writer. Write down questions that you would like answered so that you can build a track record. Ask the experts to help you learn how to formulate effective essay topics, and use those topics to compose persuasive essays.When using free sources, you will find that they are not as relevant as those that require a fee. However, even though these services are free, you need to make sure that you are getting everything that you need.Any piece of writing that is written for publication is filled with embellishments and important aspects that can be written about by anyone who has the time and talent to write. Be sure to put together a collection of quotations and other pieces of written material that demonstrate what the audience will appreciate when the readers come to read your work. Often, this writing will look sim ilar to those that are presented in college and graduate courses, but if you take a little time to get a good feel for what the readers of the pieces are looking for, you will find that you have your own style that is not in your competitor's range.Using persuasive essay samples with citations is one of the ways to make your writing more effective. Make sure that you consider the different resources available before choosing the site that will provide you with all of the information that you need. With a little effort and time, you will end up with a piece of writing that has all of the necessary elements of your own writing style.

Marketing Plan for Educational Institution/University

MIDDLE EAST UNIVERSITY FZE MARKETING STRATEGY AND PLAN Membership Marketing Strategy Purpose Group President MEU Chair : Mr. Janardhanan Pariyarath Chancellor : Vice Chancellor : Head of Student Services and Enrollment : Dean of Graduate Program : Dean of Post Graduate Program : HOD School of Nursing : HOD, School of Management : HOD School of Pharmacy : Admissions Director : Student/Staff Member – MEU : Chancellor’s Advisor : Marketing Team : Meeting: The Marketing Strategy Purpose Group MEU IS TO BE CONDUCTED ON†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Purpose The goals of the Marketing Strategy Purpose Group are to: ïÆ' ¼ Define target student populations for MEU ïÆ' ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦c. A campus where the student is the center of the universe Focus A. on our target population, which consists of five prospective groups: a) Target Audiences – Health care Industries, Hospitals, Medical organizations b) Target Audiences – Traditional Fresher’s from schools for graduate programs and Community College for post graduate program c) Target Audiences – Traditional Students (Employed expatriates) d) Target Audiences – Diverse Student Body C. Concentrate on promoting a small number of academic programs, selected on the basis of these considerations: a) Extraordinary quality and/or reputation: halo programs. b) High demand program c) Enrollment flexibility (e.g., online, evening and weekend courses) While capacity should be a factor in certain cases, the choice of programs should not be driven by considerations of excess or insufficient capacity. Some â€Å"prestige† programs may not have the capacity to absorb more students, but they create a â€Å"halo effect† that makes the university as a whole attractive to prospective students. At the same time, increased demand for a limited-capacity program would create the need to expand it. D. Package online, evening and weekend courses as â€Å"the flexible curriculum† and promote it to non-traditional and non-local students. FINDINGS Marketing Strategy Purpose Group has formed a set of recommendation to make satisfaction inventory analysis. Statistics are to be collected fromShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy Paper1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe University of Phoenix Marketing Strategy Paper A business must be highly competitive in the business markets today. 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Forecasting Emergency Department Overcrowding †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Forecasting Emergency Department Overcrowding. Answer: Introduction The success of organizations is determined by the operational efficiency of the organization in service delivery. Organizations strive to deliver quality services and products to their consumers in the most cost-effective way but keeping in mind the need to maintain the quality of the products or services. An organization can, therefore, be said to be operating at their maximum operational efficiency when it receives maximum output from the resources employed or the inputs. For operational efficiency to be achieved there is a need to ensure that there are adequate material and information flow in various organizational departments (Narasimhan, 2014, P. 216). Lack of operational efficiency in an organization contributes to increased costs, inability to meet the consumer demands as well as the overall decrease in the organization's revenues or profitability. This report, therefore, seeks to provide an understanding of how we can improve the operational efficiency and effectiveness of N SW Health Emergency Department and improve the quality of patient care. It will provide the techniques, principles, practices as well as Information technology solutions which can facilitate the improved process and information flow in the emergency department. Operation management in any organization or business is involved with the science of understanding business processes and identifying effective strategies to improve the processes. In this case, we refer operations management to the science of understanding the emergency department operations in NSW health Emergency Department and developing the methods to improve hospital efficiency in service delivery and quality health care (Matthias Buckle, 2015, P. 114). The hospital had experienced concerns over the continued demand from customers for the provision of quality services and at the lowest cost. The introduction of modern information systems led to the development of challenges in operational processes. The hospital has a burden of reducing medical errors and increasing patients safety in the emergency department through improved operational procedures and general information flow. Due to the overcrowding effect in the emergency department, there is a great need to develop effecti ve strategies and techniques to facilitate information flow Different emergency departments have embraced the use of different operation management practices in solving the problems facing them or in improving service delivery to their customers. One of the standard methods used in most emergency departments is the lean management practice or principle. The training seeks to improve the operational efficiency of the emergency departments by attempting to provide or meet the demands of the customers in a more efficient manner with little wastes (Amaral Costa, 2014, P. 4). The lean management practice emphasizes the creation of value to their services and products and argues that the emergency services and products should be designed to meet customer demands and expectations and set the right prices. The further outline that every step of the operational process in the emergency department should produce value for the customers by eliminating the wastage of resources. The Lean management practice/principle Lean management practice is designed to ensure that the system flows efficiently or without other intermediate processes of storage. However, the flow of material and information affects the operational process and is determined by the content being delivered The lean practice emphasized that the data or the operational process in the emergency departments must be flexible and centered on meeting individual consumer demands. This means that the executive management process in these departments should produce or provide their services based on consumers needs and not based on what the hospitals consider to be good for the consumers (Saghafian et al. 2015, P. 109). The primary emphasis of the practice is to achieve perfection by creating a constant review strategy to the operational processes in different hospital emergency departments from the floor and learning from the past mistakes as these are critical in enhancing quality health care and improving the hospital emergency. Another common practice and principle in operation management is the waiting time formula. This practice is employed in almost every emergency department and consists of providing an understanding of how long it takes to complete an operational process in the emergency department, the overall activity time, utilization rate as well as the variations in the methods (Song et al. 2015, p. 3045). The practice provides to the management of the hospitals with parameters which can be used to in improving the efficiency of the operations by reducing the waiting time. The crowding effect in most emergency departments has resulted due to lack of time management and delays in service provision. This practice or operation management principle has played a vital role in reducing delays and minimizing the time taken to provide a particular service or activity time. The efficient Frontier Practice/Principle Lastly, many emergency departments have adopted the principle or practice of efficient frontier. The method provides a comparison of the performance of emergency departments in delivering quality healthcare concerning two practical dimensions (Liebler McConnell 2016, p. 8). The first dimension is the responsiveness of the emergency departments towards consumer health care needs while the second dimension is the utilization rate of the operational processes in the emergency departments. The practice advocates for two strategies for improving efficiencies in emergency departments (Haddow et al. 2014). The management of the hospitals can either choose to apply this practice by moving along the efficient frontier. Such a move will require the managements efforts to increase the emergency department capacity without improving their efficiency. The management can, therefore, achieve this by hiring new staff and building more treatment spaces. However, studies have shown that having more areas for treatment does not necessarily lead to reduced crowding in the emergency departments but having the right systems controlled to enhance efficiency (Batt Terwiesch 2015, p. 44). Secondly, the practice holds that the management of hospital can also choose to move towards the efficient frontier which means that, they will be required to increase the efficiency of the emergency departments. Increased efficiency leads to increased utilization rates as well as the increased responsiveness of the departments to consumer demands (Brown et al. 2015, p. 367). This can be achieved by eliminating general waste, reducing the variability of the emergency operations or activities and increasing their flexibility. Such an initiative will eventually lead to improved efficiency of the emergency departments and impact positively on the provision of quality healthcare. Impact of Operation management practice and principles on the process and information flow Successful implementation of these practices and policies should result in the definite improvement of the operations of the emergency department and improve the quality of healthcare provided by meeting consumer demands. The methods should give the management of the hospitals with an opportunity to impact the operations of the emergency departments (DAndreamatteo et al. 2015, p. 1202). The lean management practice helps in improving efficiency in the emergency department by ensuring that the management is determined in meeting consumer demands through the provision of services which create value for the consumers. The practice, therefore, provides the control with an opportunity to continually review its operational management activities and learning from their past mistakes. The waiting time formula has dramatically impacted and contributed to the reduced crowding effect in most emergency departments. Through designing systems to control the time taken for every activity in the emergency department, the management has to be able to reduce time wastage for the consumers as well as enhance their levels of efficiency regarding increased responsiveness to consumer demands (Fagel 2016, p. 12). The practice or principle provides the management with an opportunity to reduce the time and the length of stay at the emergency department by regulating various parameters such as the utilization rate or the activity time. Lastly, the efficient frontier practice or principle has enhanced the effectiveness of emergency services through improved efficiency and responsiveness to consumer demands (Hillman, 2014, p. 492). It provides the management with an opportunity to examine which approach best suits their goal and may decide on whether to use the strategy of moving alo ng the frontier or moving towards the efficient frontier. In this case, running towards the frontier is more useful as it leads to increased efficiency through increased utilization rates and responsiveness. The supply chain and inventory management concepts can be instrumental in developing the process of health care or hospitals emergency departments. The ideas involve the efficient integration of some players in the industry or business such as the manufacturers, the suppliers, distribution agents, warehouses among others (Kadri et al. 2014, p. 107). The main aim of integrating these players is to ensure that good and services are produced and distributed in the right quantities, are delivered to the correct locations, the delivery is done in time in a manner that minimizes the operational costs and offers satisfactory services to the consumers. The concept is beneficial in the healthcare sector due to the number of players involved in providing health care to consumers. The healthcare supply chain can be designed to include product manufacturers, the purchasers of the products and the healthcare providers (Skinner 2016, P. 8). For the hospital emergency department to improve their ef ficiency in service delivery and in meeting consumer demands, there is a need to integrate these players by developing an effective healthcare supply chain and inventory management strategy. Inventory Management Concepts The central inventory concepts which can be used to improve the efficiency of the emergency department include; the adoption of the just in time or stockless inventory management systems to reduce waste, outsourcing the inventory management systems as well as the use of new models to improve patients scheduling decisions which help in lowering crowding effect. The management can also create better demand forecasts (Kang DeFlitch 2014, P. 3974). The primary goal however of the inventory management, as well as the supply chain concepts in health care, is to reduce the operational costs of the facility and general health care and still maintain the quality of service provided by improving service efficiency and increased the productivity of the system. For improved efficiency and effectiveness of NSW Health Emergency Department, there is need to adjust the operations of the department from registry or admission of patients in emergency treatment. The waiting time formula systems will help in enhancing the prioritized queue systems in the departments. The major problems experienced in achieving efficiency and effectiveness of emergency departments include increasing the flexibility of the emergency healthcare systems. Some hospitals still use the traditional emergency response systems and have been reluctant in adopting the new policies. The modern emergency centers have also faced a challenge in increasing the flexibility of these systems in meeting consumer demands. In responses to these issues, it is essential to for the operation management of the emergency department to design systems which are flexible or customized to meet consumer increasing demands. Flexibility will ensure that there are increased efficiency and utilization rates as well as the department responsiveness to consumer needs (Wylie et al. 2015, p. 98). With the increased technological advancements in the health sector, it is essential for the management also to adopt modern technologies and inventory as well as supply chain systems to help in improving their service delivery. The significant barriers expected in the implementation of these strategies can either result from resource capabilities of the hospital and especially in adopting or implementing the modern operation management systems. It is also expected that the hospitals may be resistant in embracing the changes due to organizational culture and structure since most hospitals have remained conservative to their practices and even their operational processes. Conclusion Operational efficiency and effectiveness in emergency departments can be achieved through the development of effective strategies. However, sound management of the operating processes in the emergency departments is very vital in the reduction of waste and inventory costs. It will also be able to improve the department operational efficiency and bring about a significant impact on the quality of patient care provided in the facility. List of references Amaral, T.M. and Costa, A.P., 2014. Improving decision-making and management of hospital resources: An application of the PROMETHEE II method in an Emergency Department. Operations Research for Health Care, 3(1), pp.1-6. Batt, R.J. and Terwiesch, C., 2015. Waiting patiently: An empirical study of queue abandonment in an emergency department. Management Science, 61(1), pp.39-59. Brown, C.A., Bair, A.E., Pallin, D.J. and Walls, R.M., 2015. Techniques, success, and adverse events of emergency department adult intubations. Annals of emergency medicine, 65(4), pp.363-370. DAndreamatteo, A., Ianni, L., Lega, F. and Sargiacomo, M., 2015. Lean in healthcare: A comprehensive review. Health policy, 119(9), pp.1197-1209. Fagel, M.J., 2016. Principles of emergency management and emergency operations centers (EOC). CRC press.pp. 12 Haddow, G., Bullock, J. and Coppola, D.P., 2017. Introduction to emergency management. Butterworth-Heinemann. Hillman, A., 2014. Why must I wait?The performance of legitimacy in a hospital emergency department. Sociology of health illness, 36(4), pp.485-499. Kadri, F., Harrou, F., Chaabane, S. and Tahon, C., 2014. Time series modelling and forecasting of emergency department overcrowding. 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